552 research outputs found
Bakhtin as a theory of reading
Includes bibliographical references (p. 20
The Journal Project and the I in Qualitative Research: Three Theoretical Lenses on Subjectivity and Self
From the beginnings of qualitative research in the late 19th century to today, researchers have struggled to make sense of the notion of self or subjectivity; in other words, the I in the research. We ask ourselves: Who is the researcher? How is their notion of self present during research? How is research a site for contested notions of self? Who is the I in qualitative research
Characteristics of individuals with insomnia who seek treatment in a clinical setting versus those who volunteer for a randomized controlled trial
The generalizability of outcome data derived from insomnia clinical trials is based largely on the extent to which research volunteers resemble clinical patients. This study compared sociodemographic, sleep, psychological, and medical characteristics of individuals who volunteered for an insomnia treatment study (n = 120) to patients who sought treatment in a clinical setting (n = 106). The samples did not differ on most sleep and medical variables, but clinical patients had a higher prevalence of mood disorders, greater anxiety and depression symptoms, and higher perceived insomnia severity. Differences on psychological variables were accentuated by the research selection process. It is suggested to minimize exclusion based on psychological comorbidity in order to enhance ecological validity of randomized controlled trials of insomnia treatments
Assessment of student competency in a simulated speech-language pathology clinical placement
āThis is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology on 30 August 2013, available online: http://wwww.tandfonline.com/10.3109/17549507.2013.809603.ā http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17549507.2013.809603.Clinical education programs in speech-language pathology enable the transition of studentsā knowledge and skills from the classroom to the workplace. Simulated clinical learning experiences provide an opportunity to address the competency development of novice students. This study reports on the validation of an assessment tool designed to evaluate speech-language pathology studentsā performance in a simulated clinical placement. The Assessment of Foundation Clinical Skills (AFCS) was designed to link to concepts and content of COMPASSĀ®: Competency Assessment in Speech Pathology, a validated assessment of performance in the workplace. It incorporates units and elements of competency relevant to the placement. The validity of the AFCS was statistically investigated using Rasch analysis. Participants were 18 clinical educators and 130 speech-language pathology students undertaking the placement. Preliminary results support the validity of the AFCS as an assessment of foundation clinical skills of students in this simulated clinical placement. All units of competency and the majority of elements were relevant and representative of these skills. The use of a visual analogue scale which included a pre-Novice level to rate studentsā performance on units of competency was supported. This research provides guidance for development of quality assessments of performance in simulated placements
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Confluence of Depression and Acute Psychological Stress Among Patients With Stable Coronary Heart Disease: Effects on Myocardial Perfusion
Background: Depression is prevalent in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients and increases risk for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) recurrence and mortality despite optimal medical care. The pathways underlying this risk remain elusive. Psychological stress (PS) can provoke impairment in myocardial perfusion and trigger ACS. A confluence of acute PS with depression might reveal coronary vascular mechanisms of risk. We tested whether depression increased risk for impaired myocardial perfusion during acute PS among patients with stable CHD.
Methods and Results: Patients (N=146) completed the Beck Depression InventoryāI (BDIāI), a measure of depression linked to recurrent ACS and postāACS mortality, and underwent singleāphoton emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging at rest and during acute PS. The likelihood of new/worsening impairment in myocardial perfusion from baseline to PS as a function of depression severity was tested. On the BDIāI, 41 patients scored in the normal range, 48 in the high normal range, and 57 in the depressed range previously linked to CHD prognosis. A BDIāI score in the depressed range was associated with a significantly greater likelihood of new/worsening impairment in myocardial perfusion from baseline to PS (odds ratio =2.89, 95% CI: 1.26 to 6.63, P=0.012). This remained significant in models controlling ACS recurrence/mortality risk factors and medications. There was no effect for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medications.
Conclusions: Depressed patients with CHD are particularly susceptible to impairment in myocardial perfusion during PS. The confluence of PS with depression may contribute to a better understanding of the depressionāassociated risk for ACS recurrence and mortality
Interleukin-2 receptor Ī± chain regulates the size and content of the peripheral lymphoid compartment
AbstractInterleukin-2 receptor Ī± chain (IL-2RĪ±) expression occurs at specific stages of early T and B lymphocyte development and is induced upon activation of mature lymphocytes. Young mice that lack IL-2RĪ± have phenotypically normal development of T and B cells. However, as adults, these mice develop massive enlargement of peripheral lymphoid organs associated with polyclonal T and B cell expansion, which, for T cells, is correlated with impaired activation-induced cell death in vivo. Older IL-2RĪ±-deficient mice also develop autoimmune disorders, including hemolytic anemia and inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, IL-2RĪ± is essential for regulation of both the size and content of the peripheral lymphoid compartment, probably by influencing the balance between clonal expansion and cell death following lymphocyte activation
Teaching-Communication Methodologies in the Medical Profession
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66477/2/10.1177_108056997603900103.pd
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